Objective: In this study, we investigated the concept of empowerment in chronic wound care and propose to facilitate patient control by making use of degrees of freedom (DOF): that is, shaping of everyday wound care tasks initiated by patients and based on their wishes, mostly in terms of patients executing treatment steps, requesting or directing health care professionals to undertake changes, or modifications of internal states. Methods: As a first step, we conducted a systematic literature search, followed by an inductive form of qualitative content analysis, which resulted in the identification of 5 dimensions as main elements of empowerment: education and shared decision making, adherence to self-care behaviors, responsibility and control, general call for empowerment, and DOF. However, the latter are noticeably absent in the literature. To investigate patients’ freedom in shaping the wound care process, we conducted a second literature search. Results: A number of possibilities for patients to influence the wound care process could be identified, but experimental or clinical evidence about their effects is missing, their variety is limited, and they are only inadequately described. Conclusions: However, DOF should be an indispensable aspect of genuine empowerment, since they allow patients to occupy the role of the agent in the treatment process and give rise to the subjective experience of feeling empowered. Thus, in the third part, we develop a research proposal on how to investigate and include DOF in the clinical practice of wound care. Finally, limitations about implementations are discussed (e.g., patients being reluctant to overcome their passive role, resulting in frustration for health care professionals).

Objective: To identify the illustration of feeding patterns of stunting children using literature review method. Methods: This study was a descriptive narrative research using literature review approach to explore dietary habits of children with stunting problem. All the literature review processes employed Guideline Review measurement of Joanna Briggs Institute. Related articles in literature were obtained from journal databases, such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and Dimensions through structured research question with Patient, Exposure an interest, Outcome or response (PEO) methods. Results: This study found 2246 published articles from 2018 to 2021 about children with stunting. Screening process was conducted further to eliminate articles with irrelevant titles and abstracts, and also the unsuitable articles with the research question; hence, about 9 articles were eligible to be reviewed ahead. All these articles mentioned that children with irregular dietary habits would likely experience stunting. The low intake of nutritional food became the major predictor of stunting. Conclusions: Inappropriate feeding patterns and the variety of food were being the factors of stunting emergence among children <5 years of age. High consumption of carbohydrates, less animal-based protein, and misunderstanding about intake of sweetenedcondensed milk predisposed children to suffer stunting.

Objective: Many strategic efforts were made to address nurses’ shortage in controlling Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), including recruiting student health volunteers. This review aimed to explore the contribution and involvement of nursing student volunteers during COVID-19. Methods: A systematic review was registered in PROSPERO International CRD42021283069. Electronic databases for article search included: SCOPUS, EBSCO MEDLINE, PubMed, ProQuest, Springer, Sage Pub, and hand searching. The critical appraisal study quality using The Joanna Briggs Institutes. Data extraction and synthesis used Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome, and Design (PICO and D) framework with thematic analysis. Results: Twelve studies were enrolled from 2545 retrieved, with 4 synthesized themes: (1) determinant of the involvement of nursing student volunteers during COVID-19, which includes 3 subthemes: motivations, perception, and barriers, (2) expectations and actual condition of nursing students as volunteers, (3) the need for nursing student volunteers, and (4) the impact and level of student volunteers’ contribution. All student volunteers contribute to providing direct or indirect services to patients. Conclusions: This review provides an overview of nursing student volunteers’ needs useful in developing competency frameworks and the role of culturally sensitive volunteers in education and training. In the future, student volunteers could choose the appropriate volunteer program and location according to their competence.

Objective: Patient safety is a fundamental factor in improving the quality of care provided in hospitals. Therefore, it is considered a significant parameter by all healthcare organizations around the world. The present study was conducted to investigate the attitude of nurses toward the patient safety climate during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in the southeast of Iran. Methods: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study. Among all the nurses working in one of the hospitals in the southeast of Iran, 171 nurses participated in the study through convenience sampling methods. The survey was conducted between June 1 and July 30, 2020. A 2-part questionnaire including demographic information and an assessment of nurses’ attitudes toward patients’ safety climate was used for data collection in 2021. The content validity of the scale is (0.77) and reliability was re-calculated and confirmed by the present study with Cronbach’s alpha (α = 0.9). Data were analyzed by SPSS 20 (IBM Corporation, Armonk, New York, United States) using descriptive and analytical statistical tests. Results: The mean score of safety climates was 3.2 ± 5.20 (out of 5 scores). The results showed that among all dimensions of the safety climate, only the education dimension was statistically significant between males and females (P < 0.001). Also, there was a significant relationship between the overall average of the safety climate and its dimensions according to the people’s position only in the dimension of supervisors’ attitude (P < 0.01) and burnout (P < 0.01). Additionally, a significant correlation between the education level and the overall score of safety climate (P < 0.01), as well as the supervisor’s attitude dimension (P < 0.01), was observed. Conclusions: The results showed that the safety climate was at a relatively favorable level. Considering the impact of nurses’ attitudes on the safety climate of patients, its improvement seems necessary. It is recommended to design training courses and educate nurses in order to promote a patients safety climate in hospitals.

Objective: To explore the best duration of moxibustion on lumbar disk herniation (LDH). Methods: A total of 88 patients were randomly divided into control group and 15-min, 30-min, and 45-min moxibustion groups. The control group was treated with conventional therapy, while the other 3 groups were intervened with different moxibustion durations. Low back pain, dysfunction, lumbar function, and effective rates were evaluated before, in the first week and second week of intervention. Results: In low back pain, compared with the control group, the score of the 15-min group had no significant difference, but it was significantly lower in the 30-min and 45-min groups. In dysfunction and lumbar function, compared with the control group, the scores of the 15-min, 30-min, and 45-min groups were significantly higher, and the scores of the 30-min and 45-min groups were significantly higher, but there was no significant difference between the 30-min and 45-min group. In effective rates, there was no significant difference between the control group and 15-min group; the effective rates of the 30-min and 45-min groups were significantly higher than those of the control group. Conclusions: Moxibustion has good therapeutic effect on LDH with specific moxibustion time.

Objective: To describe discharge readiness and determine whether self-efficacy, social support, and the quality of discharge teaching can predict discharge readiness among patients with mild-to-moderate ischemic stroke. Methods: A total of 120 patients with mild-to-moderate ischemic stroke were recruited using simple random sampling. Five instruments, namely, the Demographic Data Questionnaire, the Chinese version of the Readiness for Hospital Discharge Scale (RHDS_C), the SelfEfficacy for Managing Chronic Disease 6-Item Scale (SES6), the Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS), and the Quality of Discharge Teaching Scale (QDTS), were used for data collection. Descriptive statistics and standard multiple linear regression were used for data analysis. Results: The mean score of discharge readiness among patients with mild-to-moderate ischemic stroke was at a moderate level (M = 7.6, SD = 0.92), and 75.8% of the participants felt ready for discharge. Standard multiple linear regression revealed that selfefficacy (b = 0.62, P < 0.001) and the quality of discharge teaching (b = 0.28, P < 0.001) were the influencing factors. However, social support could not predict discharge readiness significantly. All the factors combined explained 64.9% of the variance in discharge readiness. Conclusions: Intervention programs aimed at improving self-efficacy and the quality of discharge teaching may be helpful in promoting discharge readiness in patients with mild-to-moderate ischemic stroke, especially in coping ability

This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between nursing informatics (NI) competency and information literacy skills for evidencebased practice (EBP) among intensive care nurses. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 184 nurses working in intensive care units (ICUs). The study data were collected through demographic information, Nursing Informatics Competency Assessment Tool (NICAT), and information literacy skills for EBP questionnaires. The intensive care nurses received competent and low-moderate levels for the total scores of NI competency and information literacy skills, respectively. They received a moderate score for the use of different information resources but a low score for information searching skills, different search features, and knowledge about search operators, and only 31.5% of the nurses selected the most appropriate statement. NI competency and related subscales had a significant direct bidirectional correlation with information literacy skills for EBP and its subscales (P < 0.05). Nurses require a high level of NI competency and information literacy for EBP to obtain up-to-date information and provide better care and decision-making. Health planners and policymakers should develop interventions to enhance NI competency and information literacy skills among nurses and motivate them to use EBP in clinical settings.

Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the quality of sleep in nurses performing shift work in therapeutic and surgical departments and to establish possible relationships between level of blood pressure (BP) and quality of sleep. Methods: A total of 20 nurses of the therapeutic departments and 20 nurses of the surgical departments were enrolled in the study. Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). BP was measured according to the standard protocol using the Korotkoff method; a sphygmomanometer was used for this twice with an interval of 2 min between 10:00 a.m. and 10:30 a.m. The average value for the 2 indicators was calculated. The diagnosis of essential arterial hypertension (AH) was established according to the recommendations of the European Association of Cardiology and the European Association of Hypertension (2018). Results: The overall assessment of the sleep quality of the nurses involved in shift work indicates poor sleep quality; this was true in respondents of both the surgical and therapeutic profiles. However, it was observed that the quality of sleep was significantly lower in nurses of the therapeutic departments. Moreover, poor sleep quality was associated with AH, which was diagnosed in 65% of the nurses of the therapeutic departments and 45% of the nurses of the surgical departments, that is, in almost all of the subjects. Herewith, in the nurses of the therapeutic departments, the level of systolic BP exceeded that of the nurses of the surgical departments. Conclusions: Poor sleep quality is a significant risk factor for AH development and is relevant to nurses performing shift work. Additional clinical studies should be conducted to better understand the mechanisms underlying such adverse cardiometabolic outcomes associated with sleep disorders in the health-sector shift workers.

Objective: To evaluate the influences of entrepreneurship training on the innovation potential among nursing students. Methods: A quasi-experimental design was utilized to conduct this study. The study was conducted in the classroom at the faculty of nursing, and the “iHub” center at Ain Shams University (ASU) in Cairo, Egypt. A purposive sample of 42 nursing students who participated in the “Ain Shams University-innovate” competition from the Faculty of Nursing of ASU were included in this study. Data collection tools included (1) Nursing students’ innovation skills assessment questionnaire and (2) Innovative projects evaluation tool. Results: There was a statistically significant difference between the mean scores of nursing students’ total innovation skills pre-and post-implementation of entrepreneurship training, where P-value <0.05. Conclusions: The results of the current study support the research hypothesis because the implementation of entrepreneurship training positively affects nursing students’ innovation potential. Developing entrepreneurship education in nursing and integrating it into nursing programs will stimulate creativity, innovation, and entrepreneurship among nursing students and health care services.

Objective: According to the World Federation of Medical Education, critical thinking should be part of the training of medical and paramedical students. Professionals can improve the quality of care of patients after surgery by having or acquiring this skill in health care. Also, Emotional intelligence is introduced as an important and effective factor on the professional performance and mental health of healthcare professionals. Thus, the present study was designed and implemented to determine the relationship between emotional intelligence and critical thinking among operating room nursing students of medical sciences universities in Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was done on 420 operating room students in 10 top medical sciences universities of Iran in 2022. The sampling method in this research was multistage sampling. The data collection instruments included demographic characteristics, Rickett’s critical thinking, and Bradberry-Greaves’ emotional intelligence questionnaires. After receiving the ethics code, data collection was done for 2 months. For data analysis, descriptive and inferential analyses including independent t-tests, analysis of variance, and Pearson correlation were used. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS 18 (IBM Corporation, Armonk, New York, United States). P-value <0.05 was considered significant. Results: The mean age of the students participating in this study was 23.02 ± 3.70 years, with women constituting 67.4% of them. The results of data analysis indicated that the mean total score of critical thinking and emotional intelligence was 124.10 ± 37.52 and 114.12 ± 43.63, respectively. A direct significant correlation between critical thinking and emotional intelligence (r = 0.459, P-value <0.001) and a significant relationship between gender and emotional intelligence (P-value = 0.028) were found. Conclusions: Based on the present study results, educational managers in the Ministry of Health are suggested to consider suitable educational programs for improving critical thinking and emotional intelligence to enhance the quality of care provided by students in operating rooms.

Objective: To assess the clinical competency of nursing interns and the perception of clinical nurse mentors toward student nurses’ clinical competency. Methods: A study was carried out among 104 nursing interns and 26 clinical nurse mentors using the purposive sampling technique. A self-reported perception scale was used to collect the data. Results: In general, most nursing interns perceived themselves as clinically competent during the internship. The clinical nurse mentors too reported that the current internship is helping the nursing interns in becoming competent. Conclusions: Frequent clinical evaluation, buddy system, provision of stipends, good leadership, and coordination between the academic institute and hospital are reported as the critical motivating factors for improving the clinical competency of student interns.

Objective: To determine factors that affect the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of congestive heart failure (CHF) patients with preserved and reduced ejection fraction. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used for this study. The stratified random sampling was applied for each subgroup. HRQOL was measured with the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire. The data were analyzed using chi-square, Spearman’s correlation analysis, and independent t-test. Results: A number of 67 respondents participated in the recent study. The total mean scores of HRQOL were significantly different (P = 0.001) between heart failure (HF) patients with reduced and preserved ejection fractions, 41.07 ± 7.54 and 54.97 ± 4.36, respectively. It related with the physical (mean ± standard deviation [SD] = 10.4 ± 2.14; t = -10.08, 95% CI = -12.46 to -8.34; P-value = 0.001) and psychological (mean ± SD = 3.5 ± 0.5; t = -6.68, 95% CI = -4.55 to -2.45; P-value = 0.001) domain. Strong correlation was found between age (r = -0.898, P < 0.05), NYHA functional classes (r = -0.858, P < 0.01), duration of HF (r = -0.807, P < 0.01), family support (r = 0.927, P < 0.01), and quality of life (QoL). Conclusions: HRQOL in HF patients with reduced ejection fraction was higher than in those with preserved ejection fraction. Family support is a further determinant factor that has a positive correlation to the QoL.

Objective: High-quality and successful nursing care delivery in a variety of situations requires critical thinking training and professional commitment. The present study aimed to investigate critical thinking disposition, professional commitment, and the relationship between these 2 variables among nurses. Methods: As a result of stratified random sampling, 201 nurses were enrolled in the present cross-sectional study. Data were gathered using a socio-demographic form, the Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory (CTDI), and the Nurses’ Professional Commitment Scale (NPCS). Results: Although the critical thinking disposition scores were at a moderate level (115.70 ± 13.55), the mean score for professional commitment was high (91.37 ± 11.77). A positive correlation was found between critical thinking disposition and professional commitment (r = 0.67, P = 0.001). Conclusions: Nursing managers are urged to employ strategies to enhance nurses’ critical thinking disposition and professional commitment.